Subscribe to RSS

DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809316
Pelvic Compartments and Imaging Considerations Beyond TME Surgery for Rectal Cancer Patients

Abstract
The rectum resides next to multiple important organs, muscles, nodes, nerves, and vessels. While operating in the mesorectal plane is sacrosanct for a successful rectal cancer surgery to obtain a negative circumferential resection margin and minimize local recurrence, advanced rectal tumors need to be operated beyond the standard surgical template. We discuss the various surgical options in such cases, and describe the imaging findings to consider helping the surgeon decide on the appropriate surgery.
Publication History
Article published online:
05 June 2025
© 2025. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India
-
References
- 1 Beyond TME Collaborative. Consensus statement on the multidisciplinary management of patients with recurrent and primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes. Br J Surg 2013; 100 (08) 1009-1014
- 2 Stelzner S, Kittner T, Schneider M. et al. Beyond total mesorectal excision (TME)-results of MRI-guided multivisceral resections in T4 rectal carcinoma and local recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15 (22) 5328
- 3 Vliegen RF, Beets GL, von Meyenfeldt MF. et al. Rectal cancer: MR imaging in local staging–is gadolinium-based contrast material helpful?. Radiology 2005; 234 (01) 179-188
- 4 Rokan Z, Simillis C, Kontovounisios C, Moran B, Tekkis P, Brown G. Locally recurrent rectal cancer according to a standardized MRI classification system: a systematic review of the literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11 (12) 3511
- 5 Georgiou PA, Tekkis PP, Constantinides VA. et al. Diagnostic accuracy and value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in planning exenterative pelvic surgery for advanced colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49 (01) 72-81
- 6 Stelzner S, Heinze T, Heimke M. et al. Beyond total mesorectal excision: compartment-based anatomy of the pelvis revisited for exenterative pelvic surgery. Ann Surg 2023; 278 (01) e58-e67
- 7 Dujovny N, Quiros RM, Saclarides TJ. Anorectal anatomy and embryology. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2004; 13 (02) 277-293
- 8 Lee S, Kassam Z, Baheti AD. et al. Rectal cancer lexicon 2023 revised and updated consensus statement from the Society of Abdominal Radiology Colorectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48 (09) 2792-2806
- 9 Yiqun S, Tong T, Fangqi L. et al. Recognition of anterior peritoneal reflections and their relationship with rectal tumors using rectal magnetic resonance imaging. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (09) e2889
- 10 Raj Kumar B, Bankar S, Pandey D. et al. Abdominoperineal excision with prostatectomy in T4 rectal cancer - bladder-sparing robotic pelvic exenteration - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22 (11) 1786-1787
- 11 Shur JD, Qiu S, Johnston E. et al. Multimodality imaging to direct management of primary and recurrent rectal adenocarcinoma beyond the total mesorectal excision plane. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6 (02) e230077
- 12 Kazi M, Sukumar V, Desouza A, Saklani A. State-of-the-art surgery for recurrent and locally advanced rectal cancers. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406 (06) 1763-1774
- 13 Verma K, Engineer R, Ostwal V. et al. Persistent involvement of anterior mesorectal fascia in carcinoma rectum - extended resection of rectum vs total pelvic exenteration: results from a single-centre retrospective study. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20 (12) 1070-1077
- 14 Chavan RN, Saklani AP, Desouza AL. et al. V-Y gluteal advancement fasciocutaneous flap for reconstruction of perineal defects after surgery for anorectal cancers- a single-center experience. Indian J Surg Oncol 2021; 12 (02) 241-245
- 15 Kumar S, Rohila J, Sasi SP. et al. Robotic-assisted low anterior resection: beyond total mesorectal excision; a left vascular approach with presacral fascia excision - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22 (05) 595-596
- 16 Pareekutty NM, Balasubramanian S, Kadam S. et al. En bloc resection with partial sacrectomy helps to achieve R0 resection in locally advanced rectal cancer, experience from a tertiary cancer center. Indian J Surg Oncol 2019; 10 (01) 141-148
- 17 Evans MD, Harji DP, Sagar PM. et al. Partial anterior sacrectomy with nerve preservation to treat locally advanced rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15 (06) e336-e339
- 18 Colibaseanu DT, Dozois EJ, Mathis KL. et al. Extended sacropelvic resection for locally recurrent rectal cancer: can it be done safely and with good oncologic outcomes?. Dis Colon Rectum 2014; 57 (01) 47-55
- 19 Desouza A, Sugoor P, Sasi S, Rohila J, Saklani A. Robotic intersphincteric resection with right seminal vesicle excision via a right vascular approach using the Da Vinci Xi robotic system - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21 (04) 492-493
- 20 Pereira P, Ghouti L, Gaichet V. Extra-vascular dissection of the pelvic sidewall for advanced cancers of the pelvis. A technique to obtain wider lateral resection margins. J Visc Surg 2012; 149 (05) e307-e313
- 21 Abdelsattar ZM, Mathis KL, Colibaseanu DT. et al. Surgery for locally advanced recurrent colorectal cancer involving the aortoiliac axis: can we achieve R0 resection and long-term survival?. Dis Colon Rectum 2013; 56 (06) 711-716
- 22 Johnson YL, West MA, Gould LE. et al. Empty pelvis syndrome: a systematic review of reconstruction techniques and their associated complications. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24 (01) 16-26
- 23 Kazi M, Desouza A, Bankar S. et al. The use of an obstetric balloon as a pelvic spacer in preventing empty pelvis syndrome after total pelvic exenteration in rectal cancers - a prospective safety and efficacy study for the Bakri balloon. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25 (04) 616-623
- 24 Kazi M, Rohila J, Kumar NA. et al. Urinary reconstruction following total pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer: complications and factors affecting outcomes. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406 (02) 329-337
- 25 PelvEx Collaborative. Surgical and survival outcomes following pelvic exenteration for locally advanced primary rectal cancer: results from an international collaboration. Ann Surg 2019; 269 (02) 315-321