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DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775490
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775490
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Supramolecular Catalysis and Molecular Switches
(Supra)Molecular Switches Controlled by Artificial Signaling Cascades
We thank Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB, DST), India, for financial support via project SRG/2020/001486 (S.D.), SRG/2021/001033 (S.P.). A.S. acknowledges the support from Prime Minister’s Research Fellowship (PMRF; 0802003). S.D. and A.S. acknowledge the support from Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM). J.V. and S.P. thank SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST). M. S. is indebted to the University of Siegen.
Abstract
Biological communication is an indispensable component of intra- and extracellular regulation of life. Inspired by such complicated control networks, systems chemistry has begun to advance tools for autonomous networks by developing communication protocols between molecular entities to up- and downregulate functions (simple catalysis, dual catalysis, time-encoded emission). However, up to now these protocols remain relatively simple, indicating that there will be a long way to self-sustaining and autonomous functional systems. This review focuses on communication in artificial multicomponent systems that operate under either equilibrium or dissipative conditions, detailing the design principles for their operations. Finally, we discuss the key differences between biological and artificial signaling, emphasizing the limitations of artificial signaling and suggesting future directions in the field of artificial signal transduction.
1 Introduction
2 Communication and Information Processing in Artificial Systems: Toward Smart Systems Chemistry
2.1 Type 1: External Signal with One Sender, One Messenger, and One Receiver
2.2 Type 2: External Signal with One Sender, One Messenger, and Two Receivers
2.3 Type 3: One/Two External Signal(s) with Two Senders, Two Messengers, and One/Two Receiver(s)
2.4 Type 4: External Signal with Cascaded Communication Across Multiple Receivers
2.5 Type 5: Signaling Cascade Leading to Multiple Chemical Reactions
2.6 Type 6: Signaling Cascade with Self-Regulation
3 The Bigger Picture
4 Conclusion and Outlook
Key words
supramolecular chemistry - organocatalysis - transition metal catalysis - host-guest systems - complexes - cascaded transformations - switch - receptorsPublication History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted after revision: 08 April 2025
Article published online:
01 July 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved
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